cosmos

Static switch 1) Static switches use semiconductor elements such as SCR to perform the shifting of load between two power sources. 2)Circuit offers very fast switching time, usually in the range of the milliseconds. This help to maintain the uninterrupted power supply to the load. 3) The static switch consists of three parts:     a) Breaker.    b) SCR.    c)  Control system. 4) current sensing device constantly monitors the output of the switch and provide the necessary input to the control relay circuit. 5)If the AC source fails to supply the voltage to the load, the control circuit switches connection to the inverter input source. Block Diagram of the static switch is as follows: Application of the static switch: 1) The static switch is used in the UPS system. 

ANTENNAS: TYPE OF ANTENNAS Definition:   An antenna is a structure that is generally metallic object, often a wire or group of wire used to convert the high-frequency current into electromagnetic waves, and vice-versa Type of antennas: 1) Omni-directional antennas:  Omni-directional antennas propagate the radio wave signal in all horizontal directions.  Dipole antennas: This is the type of the omnidirectional antenna whose propagating radio frequency (RF) energy in 360 degrees in the horizontal plane. This antenna can be as simple as two pieces of wire cut to the proper length or can be encapsulated. An antenna exhibits a typical impedance, allowing antenna of the transmitter for maximum power transfer. Majority of the wireless access points and routers have these wireless antennas due to their reliable performance and uniform coverage. Example of omnidirectional antennas is   Rubber duck Omni Directional Antenna 2) S emi-direction...

Delay generation technique in the 8085: There is a lot of the method for the delay generation in the 8085 one of the most commonly used one is with the help of the software. There is nothing complicated in the programming in all the technique same logic is applied so don't worry you will be fine............. Delay subroutine using the only 8-bit register:                                          MVI B, COUNT;                              LOOP: DCR B;                                          JNZ LOOP;                                          RET; calculation of  the count: The require coun...

Serial communication register in the 8051 SBUF: SBUF  is the serial buffer register use to sore the data during the transmission and the reception of the data. SCON: (Serial Port Control Register) This register use for the mode selection, serial port interrupts, and for the 9th bit of the transmission and  reception.     SMO – Serial port mode 0 shift register SM1 – serial port mode 1 8 bit UAR + variable SM2 – enable multiprocessor communication in mode 2/3.only set this pin if  in  the case you are dealing with the environment of the microprocessor. REN – set/ clear by software to enable/disable reception TB8 – the 9th bit that will be transmitted in mode 2/3 set/clear by software. RB8 – in mode 2/3 it is the 9th bit that was received in mode 1 if SM2 =0, RB8 is the stop bit that was received in mode it is not used. TI – transmit interrupt flag set by hardware at the end of 8 bit time in mode 0 at the beginning of the ...

8085 notes of the timing diagram : download the doc file from google drive.

8 bit addition program of the 8051. 1)8-bit addition program simply use the 8 bit memory location to store  element that need to be add. We can use both the internal as well as the external memory location for the addition. In the following program we use the external memory location to fetch the data and add them. program: ORG 0000H;                    starting memory location MOV B,#00H;                  load the 00h in the resistor b MOV DPTR,#2000H ;      load the memory pointer in the DPTR MOVX A,@DPTR ;           move  content of  memory location 2000h in the acc MOV R2,A;                       store the content of the accumulator...